O projeto SUBRAIN está a fazê-lo, recorrendo a uma combinação inovadora de realidade virtual (VR), eletroencefalografia (EEG) e estimulação magnética transcraniana (TMS). Esta investigação procura compreender os mecanismos cerebrais subjacentes à emoção de “awe”, que se define como um sentimento profundo de admiração e maravilhamento perante algo vasto ou sublime. No contexto desta experiência, os participantes exploram ambientes naturais imersivos em realidade virtual, como florestas ou a vista da Terra a partir do espaço, enquanto os investigadores registam a atividade cerebral e as respostas emocionais. Esta abordagem permite observar em tempo real como o cérebro reage a experiências emocionalmente intensas. Os primeiros dados sugerem que o “awe” pode reduzir pensamentos ruminativos e ativar áreas cerebrais ligadas à regulação emocional, parecendo ter um potencial promissor para aplicações terapêuticas, como no tratamento da depressão. Mais do que uma curiosidade científica, este protocolo oferece uma nova forma de estudar emoções complexas em ambientes controlados, mas realistas. Compreender o que nos deslumbra pode ser essencial para promover o bem-estar mental. Este estudo foi publicado na revista científica PLoS One, no artigo Integrating virtual reality, electroencephalography, and transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the neural correlates of awe experiences: The SUBRAIN protocol, no âmbito do projeto de investigação 288/20 - The origin of the sublime power in the brain: An integrated EEG-TMS study, apoiado pela Fundação BIAL.
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Awe is a complex emotion unveiling a positive and mixed nature, which resembles the Romantic feeling of the Sublime. It has increasingly become the object of scientific investigation in the last twenty years. However, its underlying brain mechanisms are still unclear. To fully capture its nature in the lab, researchers have increasingly relied on virtual reality (VR) as an emotion-elicitation method, which can resemble even complex phenomena in a limited space. In this work, a multidisciplinary team proposed a novel experimental protocol integrating VR, electroencephalography (EEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the brain mechanisms of this emotion.
Methods
A group of bioengineers, psychologists, psychiatrists, and philosophers designed the SUBRAIN study, a single-center, one-arm, non-randomized interventional study to explore the neural processes underlying awe experiences. The study is ongoing and is expected to enroll fifty adults between 20 and 40 years of age. Currently, more than 40 individuals have been enrolled. The experimental protocol includes different steps: (i) screening, (ii) enrollment, (iii) pre-experimental assessment, (iv) VR experimental assessment, and (v) post-experimental debriefing. The brain's electrical activity is recorded using the EEG while participants navigated three immersive awe-inducing VR environments and a neutral one. At the same time, the cortical excitability and connectivity is investigated by performing a TMS-EEG session right after each VR navigation. Along with cerebral signals, self-reported questionnaires were used to assess the VR-induced changes in the emotional state of the subjects. This data is then analyzed to delve into the cerebral mechanisms of awe.
Discussion
This study protocol is the first one that tries to fully understand the neural bases of awe by eliciting and studying this phenomenon in VR. The pairing of awe-inducing VR experiences and questionnaires investigating participants' affect and emotions, with non-invasive neural techniques, can provide a novel and extensive knowledge on this complex phenomenon. The protocol can inform on the combination of different instruments showing a reproducible and reliable setting for the investigation of induced complex emotions.
